apply
UK[əˈplaɪ]US[əˈplaɪ]
v
to make a formal request, usually in writing, for something such as a job, a place at a university, or permission to do something
v
to be relevant or suitable to a particular person, situation, or thing
v
to put or spread a substance such as paint, cream, or medicine onto a surface
Etymology
the word 'apply' originates from the latin verb 'applicare', a compound of 'ad-' (to, towards) and 'plicare' (to fold). the literal sense was 'to fold or attach something to another', conveying the idea of bringing things into close contact. this concrete meaning evolved through old french into middle english, broadening to encompass the abstract notions of directing one's efforts towards a task ('apply oneself') or a rule being relevant to a situation. the modern meanings—from putting on a substance to making a formal request—all retain the core logic of something being brought to bear upon something else.
Analysis
the word 'apply' is a simplex form derived from the latin verb 'applicare', meaning 'to attach, join, or put to'. it entered english via old french 'aplier'. it is not productively segmentable into distinct, meaningful morphemes in modern english spelling.
Examples
she decided to apply for the managerial position.
the same traffic laws apply to all drivers.
apply the ointment gently to the affected area twice a day.