backed-up
UK[ˌbækt ˈʌp]US[ˌbækt ˈʌp]
adj
(of a computer file) saved as a copy in case the original is lost or damaged.
adj
(of traffic, vehicles, or a system) blocked or not moving because there is too much of something.
Morpheme Breakdown
back
up
-ed
back
support
up
direction/state
-ed
adjective suffix
Etymology
The term "backed-up" is a modern compound adjective formed from the phrasal verb "back up." The verb "back," with its Old English origins meaning "to support," combined with the adverbial particle "up," creates the sense of creating a supporting reserve or copy. The addition of the participial '-ed' suffix transforms the verbal action into an adjectival state describing the condition of files or systems. Its evolution from literal support to the specific technical and logistical meanings reflects the adaptation of core Germanic vocabulary to describe contemporary digital and infrastructural concepts.
Analysis
Structure: back (support) + up (direction/state) + -ed (adjective suffix)
- back: From Old English 'bæc', meaning the rear part of the body or to support. In this compound, it carries the sense of support or reserve.
- up: From Old English 'up', 'upp', meaning upward, aloft, or to a higher state/position. Here, it functions as an adverbial particle indicating a state of completion or reserve.
- -ed: A suffix from Old English '-ed', '-od', '-ad', used to form adjectives from nouns or verbs, indicating a state or condition.
Examples
Make sure you have a backed-up copy of the report before you delete the original.
Traffic was backed-up for miles due to the accident on the highway.
The drain is backed-up and needs to be cleared by a plumber.