calender
UK[ˈkælɪndə]US[ˈkæləndər]
n
A machine in which cloth, paper, or other material is smoothed, glazed, or given a uniform thickness by pressing it between rollers.
Etymology
The word 'calender' traces its lineage to the Latin 'cylindrus', meaning a roller or cylinder, which itself originates from the Greek 'kylindros'. The term entered English via Old French 'calandre', referring to the machine itself. This etymological journey reflects a direct borrowing where the name of the tool is derived from its primary mechanical component—the rollers. The modern meaning has remained remarkably consistent, denoting a machine that uses rollers to press and finish materials.
Analysis
The word 'calender' is a simplex word. It entered English as a loanword from French 'calandre', which itself derived from Latin 'cylindrus', meaning 'roller' or 'cylinder'. Its functional role is as a complete noun.
Examples
The fabric is passed through a calender to give it a smooth, glossy finish.
Paper manufacturers use a heavy calender to control the thickness of their product.
The new calender at the plant has significantly improved the quality of the vinyl.