counter-example
Meaning
An example that disproves or contradicts a general statement, rule, or theory.
Structure
Usage
The scientist presented a single counter-example that refuted the entire hypothesis.
In formal logic, finding a valid counter-example is sufficient to prove a universal statement false.
His successful career without a university degree is often cited as a counter-example to the belief that higher education is essential for prosperity.
Etymology
The word "counter-example" is a modern English compound formed by directly combining two established words. The prefix "counter-", derived from Latin contra, introduces the sense of opposition or contradiction. It is attached to "example", a word of Latin origin meaning a representative instance or model. Therefore, the literal construction "opposite-instance" perfectly captures the logical function of the term: an instance that stands against and invalidates a proposed rule or generalization. This transparent compounding reflects a common method in English for creating precise technical terminology, especially in logic, mathematics, and philosophy.
Analysis
- counter: From Anglo-French/Latin contra (against, opposite). A prefix indicating opposition or contrast. - example: From Latin exemplum (sample, pattern), from eximere (to take out). A noun meaning a typical instance or illustration.