curse
UK[kɜːs]US[kɜːrs]
v
To use a word or phrase that is considered offensive or profane, especially as an expression of anger.
v
To invoke or call upon a supernatural power to cause harm or misfortune to someone or something.
n
A solemn utterance intended to invoke a supernatural power to inflict harm or punishment.
n
A profane or offensive word or phrase; a swear word.
n
A cause of great harm or misfortune.
Etymology
The word 'curse' originates from the Old English noun 'curs' and verb 'cursian', whose ultimate origin is obscure and debated. It is not definitively traced to Proto-Indo-European and may represent a powerful, primal concept that emerged within the Germanic linguistic tradition. The core meaning of an appeal to a deity or supernatural force for harm has remained remarkably consistent from its earliest recorded use. Over time, its application broadened to include profane language, as such utterances were historically seen as invoking damnation or divine displeasure, and metaphorically to describe any persistent source of affliction.
Analysis
This is a simplex word of Old English origin. The core form 'curs' or 'curse' functions as a complete lexical unit.
Examples
He cursed loudly when he dropped the heavy box on his foot.
The old legend tells of a witch who cursed the village with a perpetual drought.
Traffic congestion is the curse of modern city life.