filled

The word 'filled' is built upon the Old English verb fyllan, which itself descends from the Proto-Germanic fullijaną, meaning "to make full." This Germanic root is directly related to the adjective full, tracing back to the Proto-Indo-European root pelh₁- meaning "to fill." The addition of the '-ed' suffix follows a standard Germanic pattern for creating past tense verb forms and participial adjectives. Thus, the literal construction "made full" seamlessly evolved into its modern senses, describing a state of completeness, whether referring to a physical container, a pastry, or an accomplished action.

Structure: fill (to make full) + ed (adjective/verb suffix) - fill: From Old English fyllan, meaning "to make full, fill up, replenish." Its functional role is the core lexical root conveying the concept of fullness. - ed: A suffix from Old English -od, -ad, used to form the past tense and past participle of regular verbs, which can also function as adjectives.