fossilize

The word's journey begins with the Latin verb fodere, meaning "to dig," which gave rise to fossilis, an adjective describing something "dug up" from the earth. This term was adopted into English in the 17th century as "fossil," initially for any mineral or organic object excavated from the ground, before narrowing to its modern paleontological sense. The addition of the productive Greek-derived suffix -ize ("to make") in the early 19th century created the verb "fossilize," logically meaning "to make into a fossil." This semantic logic was then extended metaphorically to describe processes or ideas that become rigid and unchanging, as if turned to stone.

Structure: fossil (dug up) + ize (to make) - fossil: From Latin fossilis ("dug up"), from fodere ("to dig"). Acts as the core noun/adjectival root. - ize: A verb-forming suffix from Greek -izein via Latin -izare, meaning "to render, to make, to become".