gouged
UK[ɡaʊdʒd]US[ɡaʊdʒd]
v
to make a deep hole or cut in something in a rough or violent way
v
to charge someone an unfairly or excessively high price for something
Etymology
the verb 'gouge' entered english in the mid-15th century from old french 'gouge', meaning a type of chisel. the old french term likely derives from late latin 'gubia', a variant of 'gulbia', a word for a chisel or piercer, which is of celtic origin, possibly gaulish. the core semantic thread connects the tool's function—cutting or scooping out material—to the verb's modern meanings of violently cutting a hole or, figuratively, extracting money unfairly. the past tense form 'gouged' follows the regular english verb conjugation pattern of adding '-ed'.
Analysis
the word 'gouged' is the past tense and past participle form of the verb 'gouge'. it is treated as a simplex unit for morphological analysis.
Examples
the landslide gouged a huge crater in the mountainside.
tourists often feel they are being gouged by the prices in the city center.
he accidentally gouged the table with the corner of his toolbox.