incapacity
UK[ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪti]US[ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪti]
n
The state of being unable to do something, especially because of a lack of physical or mental strength.
n
A legal disqualification or lack of legal power.
Morpheme Breakdown
in
capacity
in
not
capacity
Etymology
The word "incapacity" is built upon the Latin noun capacitas, which originates from the adjective capax (able to hold much), itself derived from the verb capere (to take, seize). The prefix in- is added to negate the core meaning, creating a Late Latin formation. This logical construction—literally "not having the ability to take or hold"—evolved from the physical sense of containment to the abstract concepts of mental or legal ability. In English, it entered through French incapacité in the late 16th century, solidifying its modern meanings of physical/mental inability or legal disqualification, directly extending the core logic of negation applied to power or competence.
Analysis
Structure: in (not) + capacity
- in: A Latin prefix meaning "not" or "without," functioning as a negator.
- capacity: From Latin capacitas (ability to hold, room), functioning as the core noun denoting ability, power, or legal competency.
Examples
His temporary incapacity meant he could not perform his managerial duties.
The court declared her legal incapacity to manage her own finances.
Severe anxiety can lead to a feeling of total incapacity to cope with daily life.