marked-up

The word 'marked-up' is a compound adjective derived from the phrasal verb 'to mark up'. Its core, 'mark', originates from the Old English verb mearcian, which carried the fundamental sense of creating a visible sign or boundary, a concept deeply rooted in practical annotation and designation. The addition of the adverbial particle 'up' in Middle English specialized the verb's meaning, often implying an increase or an addition, as seen in raising a price or adding annotations to a text. The past participle suffix '-ed' then converts this verbal action into an adjectival state, resulting in the modern term describing something whose price has been increased or a document that has been annotated with corrections or symbols.

Structure: mark (to make a sign) + ed (past participle suffix) + up (adverbial particle) - mark: From Old English mearcian (to trace out boundaries, make a sign), of Germanic origin. Functional role: The core verb root meaning to make a visible sign or indication. - ed: From Old English -ed, -od, -ad (past participle suffix), of Germanic origin. Functional role: Suffix forming the past participle of a verb, here creating an adjective from the phrasal verb 'mark up'. - up: From Old English up, upp, of Germanic origin. Functional role: Adverbial particle combined with the verb 'mark' to form a phrasal verb with a specific meaning (to increase a price or to annotate).