martini
UK[mɑːˈtiːni]US[mɑːrˈtiːni]
n
An alcoholic drink made by mixing gin or vodka with dry vermouth, usually served cold with an olive or a twist of lemon peel.
Etymology
The word 'martini' is a classic example of a proprietary eponym, entering the English lexicon from the name of a brand of vermouth. It is named for the Martini & Rossi company, a prominent Italian vermouth producer founded in the 19th century, with the surname 'Martini' being of Italian origin, meaning "son of Martino" (Martin). The drink's specific formulation and name became standardized in the early 20th century, particularly in American cocktail culture. Thus, the journey is from a family name to a brand name, and finally to a generic term for a globally recognized cocktail, demonstrating how commerce and culture can shape vocabulary.
Analysis
The word is a loanword adopted as a single unit into English. It is derived from the proprietary name 'Martini', which itself originates from the Italian surname 'Martini'.
Examples
He ordered a dry martini with two olives.
The classic martini is traditionally made with gin and a hint of vermouth.
She prefers her martini shaken, not stirred.