onyx
UK[ˈɒnɪks]US[ˈɑːnɪks]
n
a semi-precious variety of agate with different colours in layers, typically banded in shades of white, brown, and black.
n
a deep, dark, often translucent black colour.
Etymology
the word 'onyx' entered english in the 13th century via old french and latin from the ancient greek word 'ónyx', meaning 'claw' or 'fingernail'. the greek term was applied to the gemstone due to its resemblance to the translucent, layered appearance of a fingernail, particularly its pink and white bands. this semantic shift from a body part to a mineral name is a classic example of a metaphorical extension based on visual similarity. the greek word itself is likely related to the sanskrit 'anáḥ', meaning 'nail', pointing to a shared proto-indo-european root.
Analysis
the word is a simplex loanword. it is not productively formed from smaller morphemes within modern english spelling.
Examples
the jeweler crafted an elegant ring featuring a polished black onyx.
the cave's walls were a striking onyx, absorbing the light from our torches.
she preferred the classic look of onyx cufflinks for formal events.