paint-by-numbers
UK[ˌpeɪnt baɪ ˈnʌmbəz]US[ˌpeɪnt baɪ ˈnʌmbərz]
adj
Describing something that lacks originality, creativity, or spontaneity because it follows a rigid, formulaic, or simplistic set of rules or instructions.
n
A painting kit, typically for beginners, consisting of a pre-outlined picture with numbered sections that correspond to specific colors of paint.
Morpheme Breakdown
paint
by
numbers
paint
by
numbers
Etymology
The term originates from the mid-20th century hobby kits designed to make painting accessible to amateurs. The literal combination of the words "paint," "by," and "numbers" perfectly describes the process: applying paint according to numbered guides. This literal meaning, denoting a structured, rule-bound activity, evolved metaphorically into an adjective. The "logic" of the transition is clear: any task or creative work that is performed by rigidly following a pre-set, simplistic system is seen as lacking the free expression and skill of genuine artistry, thus becoming synonymous with mechanical and uninspired execution.
Analysis
Structure: paint + by + numbers
- paint: From Latin pingere (to paint, embroider, decorate). Functional role: The core action or object.
- by: From Old English bī (near, by, during). Functional role: A preposition indicating the method or means.
- numbers: From Latin numerus (a number, quantity). Functional role: The plural noun specifying the method's key element.
Examples
The film's plot was disappointingly paint-by-numbers, following every predictable trope of the genre.
As a child, I spent hours completing paint-by-numbers kits of landscapes and animals.
The manager criticized the report for its paint-by-numbers approach, urging the team to provide more original analysis.