patina
UK[pəˈtiːnə]US[pəˈtiːnə]
n
a thin layer that forms on the surface of some metals, especially copper or bronze, usually green or brown, that is caused by a chemical reaction over a long period of time.
n
a thin layer that forms on the surface of wood or stone, giving it a soft, attractive appearance.
n
a superficial impression or appearance of something, especially one that is pleasing but not genuine.
Etymology
the word 'patina' entered english in the mid-18th century directly from italian, where it originally referred to a coating or film. its ultimate source is the latin 'patina', denoting a shallow dish or pan, a term which itself may have roots in the greek 'patanē', a flat dish. the semantic evolution from a dish to a surface layer is logical, as a patina forms a thin, often colored 'skin' over an object, much like a glaze on pottery. over time, the meaning broadened beyond the chemical coating on metals to encompass any superficial layer that alters appearance, including metaphorical uses describing an acquired sheen of age or artificial character.
Analysis
this word is a loanword from italian, where it serves as the singular form for 'patina' meaning a plate, layer, or film. its functional role is as a simplex noun. the italian word derives from latin 'patina', meaning a shallow dish or pan.
Examples
the bronze statue had developed a beautiful green patina over the centuries.
the old wooden table had a rich patina that only comes with age and careful use.
his sophisticated manner was just a patina, hiding a much rougher personality.