punchbowl

The word 'punchbowl' is a transparent compound formed from two English nouns. The first element, 'punch', entered English in the late 17th century, likely borrowed from the Hindi word for 'five', alluding to the five original ingredients of the drink: alcohol, sugar, lemon, water, and tea or spices. The second element, 'bowl', has a deep Germanic lineage, deriving from Old English 'bolla', meaning a rounded vessel or cup, and is related to the Old Norse 'bolli'. The compound's literal meaning, "a bowl for punch," is straightforward. Its secondary geographical sense, describing a round, steep-sided valley, is a metaphorical extension from the late 18th century, where the landscape feature's shape was humorously or descriptively likened to the large serving vessel.

Structure: punch (beverage) + bowl (container) - punch: Origin uncertain, likely from Hindi 'pā̃ć' (five), referring to the number of original ingredients. Functional role: Specifies the type of beverage. - bowl: From Old English 'bolla' (a rounded container, cup). Functional role: Specifies the type of container.