smear
UK[smɪə]US[smɪr]
v
to spread a soft or sticky substance in a messy or careless way over a surface.
v
to damage someone's reputation by making false or unpleasant accusations about them.
n
a dirty or greasy mark made by smearing.
n
a false or unpleasant accusation intended to damage someone's reputation.
Etymology
the word 'smear' originates from the old english verb 'smerian' or 'smyrian', meaning 'to anoint or rub with grease, oil, etc.'. this, in turn, descends from the proto-germanic root 'smerwjaną', which is related to the concept of grease or fat. the core semantic thread from its ancient origins to modern usage is the action of applying a viscous substance. the physical sense of making a dirty mark evolved naturally from this, while the metaphorical sense of 'tarnishing a reputation' developed later, drawing a vivid analogy between spreading grease and spreading damaging lies or accusations.
Analysis
the word is a simplex form derived from a common germanic root. it is not productively composed of smaller, independent morphemes in modern english.
Examples
she used her finger to smear the paint across the canvas.
the politician claimed the article was an attempt to smear his character.
there was a dark smear of oil on the garage floor.