spare
UK[speə]US[sper]
v
To choose not to punish or harm someone or something.
v
To make something such as time or money available for someone, especially when it is difficult to do so.
adj
Additional to what is usually used or needed; extra.
adj
Thin and not having much flesh.
Etymology
The word 'spare' originates from the Old English 'sparian', meaning "to refrain from harming, to use frugally." This verb is derived from the Proto-Germanic 'sparōną', which carried a sense of saving or sparing. The underlying concept is one of restraint and leniency, of holding something back from consumption or destruction. This core idea of reserve and excess evolved naturally into the modern meanings of having something extra available (an adjective) and the act of showing mercy or making something available (a verb).
Analysis
The word 'spare' is a simplex word of Old English origin. It functions as a complete lexical unit.
Examples
The judge decided to spare him the death penalty.
Can you spare a few minutes to discuss the report?
We keep a spare set of keys in the drawer.