the adverb 'sturdily' is formed by adding the old english adverbial suffix '-ly' to the adjective 'sturdy'. the core adjective 'sturdy' has a fascinating journey, entering middle english from old french 'estourdi', which meant 'dazed' or 'stunned'. this french term is thought to derive from a vulgar latin verb 'exturdire', humorously meaning 'to be stupefied as if by a thrush (eating fermented grapes)'. over time in english, the meaning shifted from 'reckless' or 'dazed' to describe something physically strong and resilient, likely through association with unyielding, stubborn force. thus, 'sturdily' logically inherits this sense, describing an action performed with solid, unwavering strength.

Structure: sturdy + ly - sturdy: from middle english 'sturdi', meaning 'reckless, violent', from old french 'estourdi', meaning 'dazed, stunned', possibly from vulgar latin 'exturdire', meaning 'to be dazed like a thrush'. - ly: from old english '-līċe', an adverbial suffix meaning 'in a manner of'.