The adjective 'turned-up' originates from the past participle of the phrasal verb 'to turn up', meaning to fold or direct something upwards. The verb 'turn' has a deep history, tracing from Old English through Latin tornare (to shape on a lathe), which itself derives from the Greek tornos (lathe, circle). The particle 'up' is a fundamental Germanic directional adverb. When combined and suffixed with '-ed', the literal action of directing something upward becomes a fixed descriptive attribute, most commonly applied to the upward curve of a nose or the folded cuff of a sleeve, capturing a specific physical orientation in a permanent state.

Structure: turn (to change direction) + up (upward direction) + ed (adjective suffix) - turn: From Old English turnian, tyrnan (to turn, rotate), from Latin tornare (to turn on a lathe). Functional role: verbal root indicating a change in position or direction. - up: From Old English up, upp (upward, aloft). Functional role: adverbial particle indicating direction. - ed: From Old English -ed, -od, -ad (past participle suffix). Functional role: suffix forming participial adjectives from phrasal verbs.