turnip
Meaning
A round root vegetable with white or yellow flesh and a purple, red, or greenish skin.
The plant that produces this root.
Usage
She diced the turnip and added it to the stew.
The farmer harvested a field of purple-top turnips.
Turnip greens are also edible and nutritious.
Etymology
The word 'turnip' entered English in the late 16th century. Its formation is a fascinating folk-etymological blend, combining the familiar English word 'turn' (suggesting something round, as if turned on a lathe) with the ending of its older name, 'nepe'. This 'nepe' descends from Old English 'næp', a borrowing from Latin 'napus', which itself has ancient roots, possibly from a Mediterranean substrate language. The modern word 'turnip' thus embodies a reinterpretation where a foreign-sounding element ('nepe') was reshaped to align with a known native word ('turn'), creating a new, logically resonant term for the common root vegetable based on its perceived form.
Analysis
The word 'turnip' is a simplex loanword. Its first element 'turn-' is of uncertain origin but may be related to the word 'turn' due to the vegetable's rounded shape. The second element '-nip' is a phonetic alteration of the Middle English 'nepe', from Old English 'næp', from Latin 'napus', meaning 'turnip' or 'rape' (a related plant).