verbatim
Meaning
In exactly the same words as were used originally.
Copied, quoted, or translated in exactly the same words as the original.
Structure
Usage
The court reporter transcribed the testimony verbatim.
He gave a verbatim account of the conversation to the police.
The quote was reproduced verbatim from the original manuscript.
Etymology
The word 'verbatim' is a direct borrowing from Medieval Latin, where the phrase verbatim et litteratim meant "word for word and letter for letter." Its core component, verbum (word), traces back to the Proto-Indo-European root werh₁-, meaning "to speak" or "to say," which is also the ancestor of the English word "word." The suffix -atim is a Latin adverbial formant used to create adverbs from nouns, specifying the manner of action. Thus, the literal construction "in the manner of (following) the word" evolved seamlessly into its modern abstract meaning of exact, unaltered reproduction of speech or text.
Analysis
- verb: From Latin verbum, meaning "word". In this construction, it functions as the core root. - atim: A Latin adverbial suffix, indicating manner or degree, which evolved into the English form -atim.