The compound adjective 'white-flowered' is a transparent descriptive formation within Modern English. Its first element, 'white', descends from the Proto-Germanic 'hwītaz', a term for brightness and light, which itself derives from the Proto-Indo-European root 'ḱweyt-', meaning 'to shine'. The second element, 'flower', traces back through Old French to the Latin 'flōs', from the PIE root 'bʰleh₃-', meaning 'to bloom, flourish'. The suffix '-ed', of Germanic origin, is used to form participial adjectives indicating possession of a quality. Thus, the word's logic is a straightforward modern combination: 'having the characteristic of (ed) a white (white) blossom (flower)'.

Structure: white (color) + flower (blossom) + ed (having the characteristic of) - white: From Old English 'hwīt', meaning the color white. Functional role: Descriptive base. - flower: From Old French 'flour', from Latin 'flōs, flōr-', meaning blossom. Functional role: Noun base. - ed: From Old English '-ede', '-od', a suffix forming adjectives meaning 'having, provided with'. Functional role: Adjectival suffix.