arpeggio
UK[ɑːˈpedʒiəʊ]US[ɑːrˈpedʒioʊ]
n
The notes of a musical chord played in a quick, flowing succession, rather than simultaneously.
Etymology
The term 'arpeggio' entered English in the early 18th century as a direct loan from Italian musical terminology. Its origin lies in the Italian verb 'arpeggiare', meaning 'to play the harp', which is derived from 'arpa' (harp). This etymology directly reflects the technique's characteristic sound, as the broken, flowing chords mimic the natural way notes are produced on a harp, where strings are plucked sequentially. Thus, the word's journey from a literal description of harp-playing to a standard term for a specific musical effect across all instruments perfectly illustrates the logic of its adoption and enduring meaning.
Analysis
The word is borrowed as a whole from Italian. It is derived from the Italian verb 'arpeggiare', meaning 'to play the harp', which itself comes from 'arpa', the Italian word for 'harp'.
Examples
The pianist practiced the difficult arpeggio until it sounded like a cascade of water.
The guitar solo began with a rapid arpeggio that ascended the fretboard.
In the composition, the cello's arpeggio provided a shimmering background to the melody.