cross
UK[krɒs]US[krɔːs]
n
A mark, object, or shape formed by two lines or pieces crossing each other, typically at right angles (X or +).
n
An upright post with a transverse bar, used in antiquity for crucifixion, and as a symbol of Christianity.
v
To go or extend across from one side to another.
v
To draw a line or lines across; mark with a cross.
adj
Annoyed; angry.
Etymology
The word 'cross' entered English through Viking contact, supplanting the native Old English term 'rōd'. Its ultimate source is Latin 'crux', meaning "stake, gibbet, cross," which was the instrument of Roman torture and execution. The Latin term is of uncertain origin, though it may be related to a root meaning "bend" or "turn," conceptually linked to the shape of the intersecting beams. Over centuries, the word's meaning expanded from the specific physical object of execution to a central religious symbol, and further generalized to denote any intersecting mark or the act of traversing, while also developing the figurative sense of being contrary or ill-tempered.
Analysis
The modern English word 'cross' is a simplex form. It is a loanword from Old Norse 'kross', which itself was borrowed from Old Irish 'cros', ultimately from Latin 'crux, crucis'. Its functional role is as a complete lexical unit.
Examples
She marked the spot on the map with a small cross.
The pilgrims traveled to see the ancient stone cross.
Be careful when you cross the busy street.