borrowed
UK[ˈbɒrəʊd]US[ˈbɑːroʊd]
v
Past tense and past participle of 'borrow'. To have taken and used something belonging to someone else with the intention of returning it.
adj
Taken from another source, especially a language or culture, and not original.
Etymology
The modern English verb 'borrow' traces its lineage to the Old English 'borgian', which carried the specific sense of taking something temporarily under a pledge of security. This concept of temporary transfer under guarantee is rooted in the Proto-Germanic burgōną, meaning "to pledge, to take care of." The semantic core evolved from the idea of a formal, secured transaction to the more general modern sense of taking something with permission, intending to return it. The '-ed' suffix is the standard English inflection for forming the past tense and past participle of regular verbs, indicating the action is completed.
Analysis
The word 'borrowed' is the past tense/past participle form of the simplex verb 'borrow'. It is not productively segmented in modern English. The root 'borrow' originates from Old English 'borgian', meaning "to pledge, to take a pledge, to lend on security."
Examples
She borrowed a pen from her colleague to sign the document.
The word "kindergarten" is borrowed directly from German.
He realized he had borrowed more money than he could easily repay.