computer-controlled

The term 'computer-controlled' is a modern English compound adjective, formed in the mid-20th century as automation technology advanced. The first element, 'computer', originates from the Latin verb 'computare', meaning 'to sum up' or 'reckon', which evolved to denote a person who performs calculations and later the electronic machine itself. The second element, 'controlled', derives from the Latin 'contrarotulus', meaning a 'counter-roll' or duplicate account used for verification, leading to the sense of exercising authoritative direction. Combined, the term literally describes a process or machine whose operation is directed by the calculating and decision-making functions of a computer, transitioning from the ancient concepts of verification and reckoning to modern automated regulation.

Structure: computer (device) + controlled (regulated) - computer: From Latin 'computare' (to calculate, reckon). In this compound, it functions as a noun denoting the controlling device. - controlled: From Latin 'contrarotulare' (to check by a duplicate register), via Old French 'contreroller'. In this compound, it functions as a past participle adjective meaning 'regulated' or 'directed'.