hated

The verb 'hate' originates from the Old English hatian, meaning "to hate, treat as an enemy," which itself stems from the Proto-Germanic root hatōjan-. This Germanic root is connected to the Proto-Indo-European root kēd- meaning "sorrow, hatred," linking the emotion to a state of grief or anger. The simple addition of the dental suffix '-d' or '-ed' to form the past tense is a standard feature of the Germanic language family, making 'hated' a regular morphological construction. Thus, the word's evolution directly maps the ancient concept of hostile sorrow onto the modern expression of a powerful negative emotion in its past form.

Structure: hate (to dislike intensely) + d (past tense/participle suffix) - hate: From Old English hatian (to hate), of Germanic origin. - d: A common English inflectional suffix used to form the past tense and past participle of regular verbs.