hijra
UK[ˈhɪdʒrə]US[ˈhɪdʒrə]
n
a person whose gender identity is neither male nor female, typically assigned male at birth, and who often has a feminine gender expression, especially in the cultures of the indian subcontinent.
n
(in south asia) a social and religious community of such people.
Etymology
the term 'hijra' entered english from hindustani, where it signifies a distinct gender identity and social group. its ultimate origin lies in the arabic root 'h-j-r' (ه ج ر), which carries the core meaning of "to emigrate" or "to leave one's tribe." this etymological connection reflects the traditional narrative of hijras leaving their birth families and communities to join a new, chosen kinship structure. over centuries in the south asian context, the term evolved from this literal sense of migration to specifically denote a culturally and often ritually recognized third gender category, embodying a journey of social and spiritual transition.
Analysis
the word is a loanword from hindustani (hindi-urdu), ultimately derived from arabic. it is not productively formed from morphemes within the english spelling system and is therefore treated as a simplex word.
Examples
many hijras live in communal households led by a guru.
the ceremony included a blessing performed by a hijra.
legal recognition for hijras has been a significant step towards greater social inclusion.