The word 'spiked' is built upon the noun 'spike', which entered Middle English from the Old Norse 'spīkr', meaning a nail or a large peg, likely related to the Latin 'spīca' meaning 'ear of grain' or 'point'. The addition of the adjectival suffix '-ed', a common Germanic formative, transforms the noun into a descriptor meaning "furnished with spikes". This literal sense of being set with sharp points logically extended to describe drinks adulterated with a potent, "sharp" addition of alcohol, and further metaphorically to graphs or numbers showing a sudden, sharp upward projection. The journey from a concrete Norse nail to an abstract descriptor of trends encapsulates the typical semantic broadening of physical attributes.

Structure: spik (sharp point) + ed (adjective suffix) - spik: Origin: Middle English, from Old Norse spīkr (nail, spike). Functional role: Root, conveying the core meaning of a sharp, pointed object. - ed: Origin: Old English -ed, -od, -ad (past participle ending). Functional role: Derivational suffix, here used to form an adjective meaning "having the quality of" or "furnished with".