the word 'stronghold' is a transparent compound from old english, formed from 'strang' (meaning physically powerful, severe) and 'hold' (a fortified place, a refuge). the term 'hold' itself is related to the verb 'to hold', implying a place that is held or kept secure. originally describing a physically defensible military fortress, the meaning naturally extended metaphorically to any center where a particular idea, belief, or group is securely maintained and defended against opposition.

Structure: strong + hold strong: from old english 'strang', meaning powerful, forceful. functional role: adjective root describing a quality. hold: from old english 'hold', meaning a fortified place, a stronghold. functional role: noun root denoting a place or structure.