washed-out
Meaning
(of a colour or dyed fabric) faded by washing or exposure to sunlight.
(of a person) looking pale, tired, or unhealthy.
Structure
Usage
she wore a washed-out blue denim jacket.
after working three night shifts in a row, he looked completely washed-out.
the once-vibrant poster on the wall had become washed-out and dull.
Etymology
The compound adjective 'washed-out' is a relatively modern formation, emerging from the literal process of colors being leached or drained from fabric through repeated washing or prolonged sun exposure. The verb 'wash' carries its core Germanic sense of cleansing with water, while the particle 'out' intensifies the action to imply a state of depletion or removal. This literal imagery of color being stripped away was then metaphorically extended to describe a person whose vitality or healthy complexion appears similarly drained, leaving them looking pale and exhausted. The term effectively captures a visual and physical state through the concrete logic of something being faded to the point of disappearance.
Analysis
'wash' is from old english 'wæscan', meaning to clean with water. 'out' is from old english 'ūt', an adverb meaning away from inside or to exhaustion, used here as an intensifying particle.