barb
UK[bɑːb]US[bɑːrb]
n
The sharp point that extends backwards from the main point of a fishhook, arrow, etc., making it difficult to remove.
n
A critical or hurtful remark.
n
A beard-like growth or appendage, such as the filaments around the mouth of certain fish.
Etymology
The word 'barb' entered English in the late 14th century from the Old French 'barbe', meaning 'beard'. This, in turn, derives from the Latin 'barba' with the same meaning. The semantic evolution from 'beard' to the modern senses is a clear example of metaphorical extension. The backward-pointing hook of an arrow or fishhook was likened to the prickly hairs of a beard, leading to the primary modern definition. This physical analogy was later extended further into the linguistic realm, where a pointed, critical remark is figuratively described as a 'barb'.
Analysis
The word 'barb' is a simplex loanword from Old French. It is not productively segmented into smaller meaningful parts in modern English.
Examples
The hook was designed with a barb to prevent the fish from escaping.
Her comment was meant as a friendly joke, but it had a sharp barb to it.
The surgeon carefully removed the fishhook, mindful of its sharp barb.