venturi
venturi
UK[venˈtjʊəri]US[venˈtʊri]
n
A short pipe with a narrow throat used to measure fluid flow or create a suction effect.
n
The narrowed section of such a pipe.
Etymology
The term 'venturi' is an eponym, a word derived from a person's name. It entered the English language in the late 19th century to describe the specific fluid dynamic principle and the physical device invented by Giovanni Battista Venturi. His research demonstrated that a fluid's pressure decreases as its velocity increases when passing through a constricted section of pipe. This direct adoption from a surname into a technical noun exemplifies how scientific discoveries become lexicalized, with the inventor's name forever attached to the apparatus that embodies the principle.
Analysis
The word is a proper noun adopted into the common lexicon. It originates from the surname of the Italian physicist Giovanni Battista Venturi (1746–1822), who studied fluid flow in constricted tubes.
Examples
The carburetor uses a venturi to draw fuel into the airstream.
A venturi meter is a common instrument for measuring the flow rate in a pipeline.
The effect created by the venturi was crucial for the experiment's success.