zero
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Meaning
The number 0; the figure 0
The point on a scale or instrument from which a positive or negative quantity is reckoned
A person or thing of no importance; a total failure
Usage
The temperature dropped to zero degrees overnight.
The results of the experiment were zero, indicating a complete failure.
He started his business from zero and built it into a successful company.
Etymology
The word 'zero' has a remarkable journey across cultures and languages. It originates from the Sanskrit word 'śūnya', meaning 'empty' or 'void'. This was translated into Arabic as 'ṣifr', meaning 'empty', which then passed into Medieval Latin as 'zephirum'. Italian adopted it as 'zero', and it was from Italian that English borrowed the term in the early 17th century. The concept and the word were crucial for the development of the decimal number system, representing the placeholder for an empty magnitude. Its evolution from a concrete term for 'emptiness' to the precise mathematical and figurative meanings it holds today illustrates a profound abstraction of an ancient idea.
Analysis
The word 'zero' is a simplex loanword. It entered English as a complete unit from Italian, which borrowed it from Arabic, ultimately tracing back to a Sanskrit root.