chivalry
UK[ˈʃɪvəlri]US[ˈʃɪvəlri]
n
the medieval system of behavior followed by knights, which put a high value on honor, bravery, and respect for women
n
polite and honorable behavior, especially by men towards women
Morpheme Breakdown
cheval
ry
cheval
horse
ry
collective quality or state
Etymology
the word 'chivalry' entered english from old french 'chevalerie', which was derived from 'chevalier', meaning 'horseman' or 'knight'. its ultimate latin source is 'caballus', a term for a horse, often a working horse or nag. the semantic journey is clear: from the concrete animal ('horse') to the rider ('horseman/knight'), and finally to the abstract code of conduct associated with that social class ('knighthood'). over time, the meaning broadened from the strict medieval military system to encompass the modern, more generalized ideals of gallant courtesy and honorable behavior.
Analysis
Structure: cheval (horse) + ry (collective quality or state)
- cheval: from old french 'cheval' (horse), from latin 'caballus' (horse, nag). functions as the core root denoting the equestrian nature of knighthood.
- ry: from old french '-erie', a suffix forming nouns denoting state, condition, or collective characteristics. functions as a noun-forming suffix.
Examples
the tales of king arthur are filled with ideals of chivalry and courtly love.
he held the door open for her, a small act of old-fashioned chivalry.
modern chivalry is less about combat and more about showing respect and kindness.